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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀能力測(cè)試

本次考試旨在考察大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀部分的掌握情況，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀文章并作答?？荚嚂r(shí)間建議為30分鐘，滿分60分。
1. 考生信息
姓名：
學(xué)號(hào)：
所在院校：
閱讀A：請(qǐng)閱讀以下短文，回答1-4題
短文：The concept of happiness has been studied extensively by psychologists and philosophers alike. While some argue that happiness is a result of external circumstances such as wealth or success, others believe it stems from internal factors like gratitude and strong relationships. Recent research suggests that individuals who regularly practice gratitude exercises, such as keeping a journal, report higher levels of happiness compared to those who do not. Additionally, social connections play a crucial role; people with supportive friends and family tend to cope better with stress and experience more positive emotions. Despite the varying theories, most experts agree that happiness is a combination of both internal and external elements, and it can be cultivated through intentional actions and mindset changes.
2. What do some psychologists believe about the source of happiness?
3. What does recent research show about gratitude exercises?
4. Why are social connections important for happiness according to the passage?
5. What is the general agreement among experts about happiness?
閱讀B：請(qǐng)閱讀以下短文，回答5-8題
短文：Urban gardening has gained popularity in recent years as cities face challenges like food insecurity and environmental degradation. This practice involves growing plants in urban areas, such as rooftops, balconies, or community gardens. One major benefit is improved access to fresh produce, especially in neighborhoods lacking grocery stores. Urban gardens also contribute to air purification by absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen. Furthermore, they create green spaces that enhance mental well-being and foster community engagement. However, urban gardening faces obstacles including limited space, soil contamination, and lack of knowledge among participants. Despite these challenges, many cities are implementing policies to support urban gardening, recognizing its potential to create more sustainable and resilient communities.
6. What is urban gardening according to the passage?
7. What is one major benefit of urban gardening mentioned?
8. How do urban gardens help with the environment?
9. What challenge does urban gardening face?
閱讀C：請(qǐng)閱讀以下長(zhǎng)文，回答9-12題
短文：The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, marked a period of profound transformation in human society. Before this era, most people lived in rural areas and worked in agriculture. However, the invention of new machinery and the development of factories shifted production from homes to large industrial facilities. One key innovation was the steam engine, developed by James Watt, which powered machines in textile mills and enabled the expansion of rail transportation. This revolutionized how goods were produced, making them cheaper and more accessible to the general population. The Industrial Revolution also had significant social impacts. As factories grew, people migrated from rural areas to cities in search of employment, leading to rapid urbanization. This created overcrowded living conditions, with many workers residing in slums lacking proper sanitation. Child labor became common, as children were often employed in dangerous factory jobs for low wages. Despite these hardships, the Industrial Revolution laid the foundation for modern industrialized societies, increasing overall productivity and contributing to technological advancements that continue to shape our world today. Economically, the revolution transformed systems of production and trade. The shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing increased output dramatically. New economic theories, such as capitalism, emerged, emphasizing private ownership and free markets. Global trade expanded as countries sought raw materials for factories and markets for finished goods. This period also saw the rise of the middle class, as merchants and factory owners accumulated wealth, while the working class faced ongoing struggles for better working conditions and fair pay. In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution was a pivotal moment in history that changed the economic, social, and technological landscape of the world. While it brought about unprecedented progress in production and living standards for many, it also highlighted inequalities and social challenges that societies continue to address.
10. Where did the Industrial Revolution start?
11. What was a major effect of the steam engine invention?
12. Why did people move from rural to urban areas during this period?
13. What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution?
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